PhD program
Biology

Biology

QUALIFICATION

  • Scientific and pedagogical direction - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

MODEL OF GRADUATING STUDENT

ON1 Demonstrate fundamental, systematic knowledge in the field of biology and methods of teaching General biological disciplines in educational institutions (theoretical and methodological principles of biology.
ON2 Improve the level of teaching of biological disciplines by making extensive use of modern methods of processing and interpreting scientific data using digital computer technologies.
ON3 Conduct a critical analysis, assessment and synthesis of new ideas, problems, approaches and trends in the field of biology; critically evaluate the results of scientific research, current theories, problems and approaches, new trends in the study of the functions of living organisms.
ON4 Interpret the basic principles of modern biology, apply them in practice, systematize and interpret scientific theories and concepts of the latest trends in modern biology in order to further apply this knowledge in the selection of initial theoretical positions.
ON5 Apply theoretical and methodological provisions of new directions in science in the analysis of the functional state of the biological object of research, conduct independent research with a projection on promising new directions in biology.
ON6 Implement scientific and technical programs and projects in the fields of food, chemical, medical industry, agriculture, and biotechnology (updating the range of food products through the use of nano-developments; improvement of chemical products.
ON7 Introduce technological advances in the fields of biology and biotechnology into production in order to create new promising biological means of plant and animal protection, medical products, and nanomaterials.
ON8 Act as an expert in the field of standardization and optimization of scientific and industrial products.

Program passport

Speciality Name
Biology
Speciality Code
8D05101
Faculty
Biology and Biotechnology

disciplines

Academic writing
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - To develop doctoral students' text editing skills, written scientific communications, taking into account the technology of structuring academic text, necessary for the organization, translation and editing of scientific texts and a reasoned and competent presentation of thoughts on a scientific problem. The course examines the methodology of working with bibliography, grammatical phenomena, features of scientific style, vocabulary, basic terms and concepts of the specialty.

PhD thesis writing and defence
  • Number of credits - 12
  • Type of control - Докторская диссертация
  • Description - The main purpose of "PhD thesis writing and defence": of a doctoral dissertation is the formation of the doctoral students' ability to disclose the content of research work for the defense of the thesis. During the study of course, doctoral student's should be competent in: 1. to substantiate the content of new scientifically grounded theoretical and experimental results that allow to solve a theoretical or applied problem or are a major achievement in the development of specific scientific directions; 2. explain the assessment of the completeness of the solutions to the tasks assigned, according to the specifics of the professional sphere of activity; 3. they can analyze alternative solutions for solving research and practical problems and assess the prospects for implementing these options; 4. apply the skills of writing scientific texts and presenting them in the form of scientific publications and presentations. 5. to plan and structure the scientific search, clearly highlight the research problem, develop a plan / program and methods for its study, formalize, in accordance with the requirements of the State Educational Establishment, the scientific and qualification work in the form of a thesis for a scientific degree Doctor of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on specialty «8D07502 – Standardization and certification (by industry)». During the study of the discipline doctoral student will learn following aspects: Registration of documents for presentation of the thesis for defense. Information card of the dissertation and registration-registration card (in the format Visio 2003). Extract from the minutes of the meeting of the institution, in which the preliminary defense of the thesis took place. Cover letter to the Higher Attestation Commission. Expert conclusion on the possibility of publishing the author's abstract. Expert opinion on the possibility of publishing a dissertation. Minutes of the meeting of the counting commission. Bulletin for voting. A shorthand record of the meeting of the dissertational council. List of scientific papers. Response of the official opponent. A review of the leading organization. The recall of the scientific adviser.

Problems of Modern Biology
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the course is the formation of profound professional knowledge of the current problems of modern biology; formation of in-depth professional knowledge about current problems of modern biology to have a holistic understanding of the latest achievements of science in the field of the theory of evolution, anthropogenesis, microbiology, botany, zoology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, biotechnology, etc. knowledge of which will allow one to understand the patterns and features of biological phenomena , mechanisms of manifestation of biological processes.

Research methodology
  • Number of credits - 3
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline: the study of methods of cognition of nature, mechanisms of objective reality, representing a certain sequence of actions, techniques, operations, as well as a set of methods and techniques of research, the order of their application and interpretation of the results obtained with the derivation of reasonable conclusions and findings.

Scientific Research methods
  • Number of credits - 3
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - To form doctoral students' skills and abilities of scientific research in fisheries, to find rational, constructive, technological, organizational and economic solutions; to be well-versed in the selection of scientific information; to set scientific experiments and solve fundamentally new issues. The course examines the current problems of scientific research in ichthyology, fish genetics, aquaculture and industrial fisheries.

Stress Biology
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The main purpose of “Stress biology” is to form the ability to use knowledge about the stress reactions of the cell when assessing the influence of environmental factors on living organisms in practice:to form the ability to use knowledge about cell stress reactions when assessing the influence of environmental factors on living organisms in practical activities.

Data for 2021-2024 years

disciplines

Actual Problems of Human and Animal Genetics
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The main purpose - to develop in-depth knowledge on the actual problems of human and animal genetics and professional competence in clinical genetics as an essential section of human genetics, which studies the role of hereditary factors in the development of human pathology. As a result of studying the discipline, doctoral students will be able to: - demonstrate knowledge of the clinic and genetics of genetic diseases; molecular, biochemical and cytological foundations of genetic diseases; prevention of hereditary pathology; ethical issues in medical genetics; - apply the basic genetic methods in the diagnosis of hereditary pathology, in the analysis of specific biological and medical facts and phenomena, in the development of their research and projects; - сreate pedigrees for determining the inheritance patterns; determining the frequency of genetic diseases using population genetic methods by solving genetic problems; - systematize and analyze scientific medical and biological information; - assess and determine the causes of genetic diseases. This course provides detailed information about modern achievements in medical genetics in diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis of hereditary diseases, molecular, biochemical and cytological basics of genetic disorders, classification of pathological forms, nosological forms of monogenetic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases, inherited metabolic disorders, prenatal diagnostics, principles of prevention and treatment of genetic diseases, ethical aspects in medical genetics, eugenic effects of medical genetics. Practical and laboratory classes imply to get skills at pedigree tree to determine types of genetic disorders, assessment of influence of environmental factors on genetic disorders appearance on a basis of twin-method, frequency of pathological forms on a basis of methods of population genetics.

Actual Problems of Plant Genetics
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - This discipline aims - to develop in-depth knowledge and professional competence in current areas in Plant Genetics As a result of studying the discipline, doctoral students will be able to: - understand and explain the features of molecular mechanisms transferring of genetic information in plants; molecular and cytological foundations of heredity; basics of genetic, cytological, population and biometric analyzes; achievements of modern genetics and their use in the science and practice of plant growing. - apply in practice the primary methods of genetic analysis and conduct statistical processing of experimental results; - analyze and interpret the results obtained concerning a specific situation and use them in practice. - set and solve general and particular problems of plant genetics; - evaluate and predict the effectiveness of the use of genetic approaches and molecular genetic methods for solving specific problems. This course is focused on specific studying molecular methods, using in studying plants. Doctoral students will acquaint cellular and genetic techniques and technologies to solve genetic plant problems, biotechnological methods of obtaining prospective material for further usage, molecular methods of obtaining, assessment and analysis of raw material, technologies of producing transgenic plants, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, usage marker-auxiliary breeding in genetic research, genetic and ecological basics in plant breeding.

Analysis of variance in biology
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The main purpose of «Analysis of variance in biology»: form the skill of using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in biological research. During the study of course, PhD students should be competent in: - plan researches to obtain primary data, which will be summarized in one-factor and two-factor dispersion complexes, models of dispersion complexes; variance analysis of qualitative traits; - calculate the force of factor influencing, in which the basic law of additivity of sums of squares is put; - apply the analysis of variance methods for processing real numerical data, taking into account the limits of applicability of the mathematical model; - use specialized software products for carrying out computational procedures of ANOVA; - implement ANOVA procedures within the framework of available data processing facilities; During the study of the discipline students will learn following aspects: the statistical influence of one or several factors on the resultant feature; various types and modifications of analysis of variance, methods for assessing the strength of influence and reliability of factors influencing; estimation of the difference between private averages and private shares; forecasting the development of the trait under a given set of conditions.

Bioenergetics
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to form students' in-depth knowledge aimed at studying the basic laws of energy transformation in living systems. As a result of studying the discipline the bachelor will be able to: 1. have an understanding of the molecular basis of energy conversion in living systems; 2. to study the mechanisms of formation of transmembrane electric potentials 3. know the principles of interaction of objects of biological nature with external fields of various nature; 4. to study the mechanisms of regulation of energy exchange and the acquisition of skills in solving problems 5. ability to apply knowledge of the principles of cellular organization of biological objects, biophysical and biochemical bases, membrane processes and molecular mechanisms. Discipline is aimed at studying modern ideas about the molecular basis of energy conversion in living systems, the mechanisms for the formation of transmembrane electrical potentials, the principles of interaction of biological objects with external fields of different nature, the mechanisms of energy exchange regulation and the acquisition of skills in solving bioenergy problems.

Biophysics of Regulatory Processes
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to form ideas about the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the functioning of organs and systems of organs both in the norm and in the body when extreme factors act on it. As a result of studying the discipline, students will be able to: 1. Describe the molecular basis of the nervous and hormonal regulation of body functions; 2. Explain the specifics of the principles of the functioning of the body; 3. To master the understanding of the mechanisms of the regulation of physiological processes at the molecular-cellular levels of the organization of the human body; 4. To substantiate the need for management (regulation) functions of the body functions on the basis of ideas about the processes of vital activity of the organism and their individual structural elements from the standpoint of classical physiology and system analysis; 5. Carry out a study relevant to the experimental substantiation of the molecular basis of physiological functions. The course introduces the basic principles of the regulation of physiological functions in the body, the presence of direct and inverse connections, features of nervous and humoral regulation, the theory of functional systems, the theory of Anokhin, the levels of homeostasis, adaptation mechanisms.

Comparative ecomorphology of vertebrates
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline obtaining knowledge of the basic patterns of anatomical and morphological features of chordates from the point of view of modern zoology and ecology, the theory of evolution and the general theory of systems, the main ways of forming anatomo-morphological structures in various groups of chordates, the scientific and applied aspects of using this scientific discipline. As a result of studying the discipline, the doctoral student will be able to:  readiness to use fundamental biological ideas in the sphere of professional activity for setting and solving new tasks;  consider the laws of the formation and development of systems of organs in the course of evolution;  Identify adaptive features of the structure of the body and organ systems in different systematic and ecological groups of chordates;  the ability to independently analyze available information, identify fundamental problems, set the task and perform field, laboratory biological research in solving specific problems using modern equipment and computer facilities, be responsible for the quality of work and scientific validity of the results of studying the general principles of the structure of the body and systems of organs of chordates. In the course of the discipline, introduce to doctoral students with the general laws of the anatomical structure, as well as the development of the systems of organs of vertebrate animals, with their evolutionary transformations and changes. Shows the unity of anatomy of vertebrates and the evolutionary conditioning of differences in their systems of organs, taking into account the characteristics of life processes and adaptation to external conditions.

Integrative Zoology
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The main purpose of the discipline: summarize knowledge about animals and form a theoretical basis for making adequate decisions in the field of sustainable use and conservation of animal diversity. Have an idea of ​​the characteristics of energy and plastic metabolism in animals, understand the classification of animals and understand the cause-and-effect relationships of changes in the level of organization and habitat of animals.

Methabolism of BAC
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of this course is the formation of ideas about the diversity of biologically active substances and their role in the metabolism of plants, animals and humans. As a result of studying the discipline, students will be able to: - understand the nature and structure of biologically active substances; peculiarities of metabolism of various classes of BAS; perspectives of BAS use, obtained by biotechnological methods, main metabolic pathways of BAS. - master the basic biotechnological methods used in the production of biologically active substances. - perform real scientific procedures in a scientific laboratory, professionally describe experiments in the field of computer design of biologically active substances. - analyze possible biological activities of organic compounds on the basis of data on their interaction with known therapeutic targets. - propose possible modifications of the structures of organic compounds to increase / decrease the strength of the protein-ligand complex. The following are studying: classification of biologically active substances, peculiarities of their structure and metabolism. BAS obtained biotechnologically to solve the most important tasks: providing the population with food, solving environmental problems; utilization of industrial waste. Creation of the new drugs for the treatment of dangerous diseases, etc. Getting BAS by biotechnological methods, using microorganisms. Use of mutant strains for the synthesis of BAS.

Modern Cellular and Molecular Researsh Methods
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The aim of the discipline is to obtain a deep and comprehensive view of modern cellular and molecular methods of research and the areas of their application. As a result of studying the discipline, the doctoral student will be able to: - systematically understand aspects of the current position and trends in the development of molecular and cellular methods of research in physiology and the field of their application. - use in practice methods for creating recombinant DNA for the genetic improvement of microorganisms, plants and animals to obtain the desired product with specified properties, and also to use experimental models at the molecular, cellular and subcellular levels. - plan and implement projects directly related to biological objects at the molecular level. - have the skills of solving situational problems, the skills of analysis and demonstration of the received data, - critically analyze, evaluate and compare the results obtained, as well as modify them with the tasks of the work. Cellular and molecular methods of research, application of new physical and chemical methods; The creation of recombinant DNA , the use of bacteria, viruses and plants as research objects to increase the resolution and efficiency of genetic works, using the hybridization reaction as a sensitive method of detecting certain sequences in DNA and RNA and genetic engineering to create hybrid DNA molecules. This discipline provides knowledge and understanding of modern concepts of purposes, methods, stages of application of methods of genetic engineering. The material is structured in such a way that the description of current trends in the development of cell-molecular methods is accompanied by a description of the methods, their nature, specific examples and field of application in biotechnology. Methods for isolating and identifying the cell's cell structures.

Modern Methods of Cell Biology
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - To develop skills in using modern methods of cell biology, also about optical methods for studying cells, cellular and supramolecular structures, the main directions and possibilities of culturing cells outside the body, occurring in cells and tissues under normal conditions and in pathology.

Modern Methods of Developmental Biology
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The aim of the discipline is to acquire theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for the qualified running of experimental research in modern developmental biology. As a result of studying the discipline a doctoral student will be able to: - demonstrate and generalize knowledge in the field of developmental biology and the possibilities of their practical use. - carry out a comprehensive study of the regularities and mechanisms of embryonic and postnatal development. - set research tasks important for understanding key issues of individual development, focusing on the most relevant problems and applying a combination of classical and modern methods of analysis. - plan and conduct a personal and group experiment in the field of developmental biology, - - competently interpret results of research and present in oral and written form results of their research in the field of developmental biology and to argue their point of view during discussion with colleagues in state and foreign languages. In the course of the discipline, modern concepts of the fundamental problems of developmental biology, modern and newest technologies in developmental biology, achievements of reproductive biomedicine, the newest methods for optimizing IVF methods, ICSI and methods of pre-implantation cultivation of early embryos, ethical problems in reproductive and regenerative biomedicine are studied.

Modern problems of biodiversity conservation and sustainable economic development of societies
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline: To form in the doctoral student a holistic understanding of the fundamental role of conservation of biological diversity for the sustainable use of natural resources. Assess and comprehensively analyze the main causes of anthropogenic biodiversity loss.Critically examine the root cause of the decline in natural biodiversity and make predictions for recovery. Discuss the main modern directions of monitoring, conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems

Modern problems of population ecology
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The main purpose of discipline: Forms concepts about ecological communities and populations, about the complex relationships of living organisms with each other and with the environment, consolidates concepts about the peculiarities of the functioning of ecosystems at different levels. They understand natural populations as a system of hierarchies of units of existence of a species in nature and the main types of population structures that maintain their integrity and stability within the volume of the environment they occupy.

Monitoring of Populations of Game Animals in Kazakhstan
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The goal of the discipline is to develop doctoral students’ ideas about the patterns of spatial organization of the animal population under the influence of environmental factors of intra- and interspecific relations, as well as methods, approaches and results of studying the animal world of Kazakhstan. To plan and implement in practice independent scientific research in the field of monitoring the population of game animals , as well as assess the bioresource potential of various territories of Kazakhstan.

Physiology of Metabolism and Energy
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline: to give a complete picture of the processes in the metabolism and energy and its constituent parts in their unity and relationship with the environment. The objectives of the discipline: to familiarize with the new achievements of physiological science and the prospects for its development; - give doctoral students a basic knowledge of all the branches of the physiology of metabolism and energy, as well as form physiological thinking in them, which will make it possible to use its achievements in practical activities; The summary: The course considers a set of physical, chemical and physiological processes of transformation of substances and energy in living organisms, as well as the exchange of substances and energy between the body and the environment. As a result of studying the discipline, the doctoral student must have the following competencies: Understanding the mechanisms of regulation of metabolic metabolic processes in the norm and pathology, the laws of the metabolism of living systems. Know the possible metabolic and energy disorders in pathological processes Possess the ability to analyze and synthesize the acquired knowledge, we will change the formulation and conduct of a physiological experiment, as well as the ability to extract and analyze information from literary, basic-information, electronic sources. Be able to determine the processes and needs of the organism in various functional states under the influence of environmental factors.

Principles of the General Theoty of Functional Systems
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The aim of the discipline is formation of knowledge about the fundamentals of modern methods of cellular biology: optical methods for studying cells, cellular and supramolecular structures; basic directions and possibilities of culturing cells outside the body; system knowledge for understanding the processes taking place in cells and tissues in the norm and in pathology. As a result of studying the discipline a doctoral student will be able to: - demonstrate the knowledge of modern methods of cell biology and the possibilities of their practical use. - understand the methods of light, darkfield, phase-contrast, polarization, fluorescence, interference and other types of microscopy; the fundamentals of quantitative cytochemistry, quantitative cytochemical reactions, the principles of confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent immunohistochemistry; morphometric methods; cryopreservation of biological material; methods of preparation of cytological preparations for investigation in light, electron, confocal and atomic force microscopy. - analyze and reveal structural and functional changes in cells and tissues using microscopy; find and analyze modern scientific literature on modern methods of cell biology; highlight the most important problem issues and predict possible solutions to them; critically assess emerging risks. - evaluate new knowledge and achievements in the methodological solution of cellular biology; use the knowledge gained in practical activities. - plan the experiment and experimentally collect material for the study of a specific problem, process it, describe the main results, discuss in the light of the available literature data, and present them. In the course of the discipline, methods of light, confocal, atomic force, transmission electron, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent immunohistochemistry, quantitative cytochemistry, morphometric methods, methods of conservation of biological material, the principles of in vitro cultivation of plant and animal cells are studied in detail; the main components of nutrient media; types of cultured cells; cell culture as an alternative to animal experiments.

Reaction of plants under stress
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - To form a holistic understanding of the nature of plant defense reactions under various stress loads, specific and nonspecific plant responses to stress, to observe and describe the seasonal mechanisms of plant resistance to stress factors. Analyze morphological, structural adaptations of plants to various forms of abiotic stress

Stem cells and Cell Therapy
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The goal of the discipline is to develop in doctoral students the ability to solve the most important problems of cell biology in the field of using stem cells in regenerative medicine. Demonstrate knowledge of the basic principles of stem cell theory, the nature and genesis of embryonic, mesenchymal, neural, hematopoietic stem cells.

Vegetation in Kazakhstan and Its Protection
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline: to form ideas, theoretical knowledge, practical skills on the scientific foundations, methods and basic laws of plant protection in Kazakhstan. Demonstrate an understanding of the current state of the ecological and biological characteristics of cenopopulations of rare and endangered plant species and modern research methods in botany, use modern methods of studying and restoring the natural ecosystems of Kazakhstan.

Data for 2021-2024 years

INTERNSHIPS

Pedagogical
  • Type of control - Защита практики
  • Description - Formation of practical, educational-methodical skills of conducting lectures, seminars, creatively apply scientific, theoretical knowledge, practical skills in teaching activities, conduct training sessions in the disciplines of the specialty; own modern professional techniques, methods of training, use in practice the latest theoretical, methodological advances, make educational, methodological documentation.

Research
  • Type of control - Защита практики
  • Description - The purpose of the practice: gaining experience in the study of an actual scientific problem, expand the professional knowledge gained in the learning process, and developing practical skills for conducting independent scientific work. The practice is aimed at developing the skills of research, analysis and application of economic knowledge.

Data for 2021-2024 years