PhD program
Biomedicine

Biomedicine

QUALIFICATION

  • Scientific and pedagogical direction - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

MODEL OF GRADUATING STUDENT

LR1. To carry out organization, planning and implementation of scientific research in biomedical research laboratories, practical health care institutions, pharmacological and medical centers, universities.
LR 2. Integrate various theoretical achievements in the field of natural sciences (physics, chemistry, mathematics, etc.), biology and related sciences to improve the strategy of biomedical cluster development in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
LR 3. Ensure the quality and efficiency of selected modern scientific research methods, using descriptive, predictive and normative bioethical aspects and statistical methods in processing the results of biomedical research.
LR 4. Generate own new scientific ideas in the field of fundamental biological sciences in norm and pathology.
LR 5. Conduct expert review of scientific projects in the field of biomedicine based on a high level of competence, work experience, knowledge of legislation, specialist understanding of expert evaluation methods.
LR 6. Supervise the implementation and application of bioethical principles, legislative and regulatory documents governing the researcher-patient relationship in accordance with generally accepted humanistic, moral and ethical standards and principles of behavior.
LR 7. Develop conceptual and innovative approaches and directions of development of pedagogical science in the context of the modern paradigm of education.

Program passport

Speciality Name
Biomedicine
Speciality Code
8D05102
Faculty
Biology and Biotechnology

disciplines

Academic writing
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to develop the skills necessary for writing research and analytical texts in accordance with the rules established within the domestic and international scientific communities. Students will study: methods and features of the presentation of the results of scientific activity in the form of abstracts, articles, reports, as well as doctoral dissertations. The training course is aimed at studying and observing modern standards of organization, structuring and designing scientific publications on the Oriental Studies’ issues in academic journals of the Republic of Kazakhstan and abroad.

Oncoimmunology
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The goal of the discipline is to develop in doctoral students holistic systemic understanding of changes at the molecular, subcellular levels that occur during the development of the tumor process. As a result able to: systematize information about the basic immunochemical phenomena underlying the specific immune response to cancer cells.

PhD thesis writing and defence
  • Number of credits - 12
  • Type of control - Докторская диссертация
  • Description - The main purpose of "PhD thesis writing and defence": of a doctoral dissertation is the formation of the doctoral students' ability to disclose the content of research work for the defense of the thesis. During the study of course, doctoral student's should be competent in: 1. to substantiate the content of new scientifically grounded theoretical and experimental results that allow to solve a theoretical or applied problem or are a major achievement in the development of specific scientific directions; 2. explain the assessment of the completeness of the solutions to the tasks assigned, according to the specifics of the professional sphere of activity; 3. they can analyze alternative solutions for solving research and practical problems and assess the prospects for implementing these options; 4. apply the skills of writing scientific texts and presenting them in the form of scientific publications and presentations. 5. to plan and structure the scientific search, clearly highlight the research problem, develop a plan / program and methods for its study, formalize, in accordance with the requirements of the State Educational Establishment, the scientific and qualification work in the form of a thesis for a scientific degree Doctor of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on specialty «8D07502 – Standardization and certification (by industry)». During the study of the discipline doctoral student will learn following aspects: Registration of documents for presentation of the thesis for defense. Information card of the dissertation and registration-registration card (in the format Visio 2003). Extract from the minutes of the meeting of the institution, in which the preliminary defense of the thesis took place. Cover letter to the Higher Attestation Commission. Expert conclusion on the possibility of publishing the author's abstract. Expert opinion on the possibility of publishing a dissertation. Minutes of the meeting of the counting commission. Bulletin for voting. A shorthand record of the meeting of the dissertational council. List of scientific papers. Response of the official opponent. A review of the leading organization. The recall of the scientific adviser.

Regulation of metabolism and energy
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The goal of the discipline is to form an idea of the physiological mechanisms of regulation of metabolism and energy to explain the course of metabolic processes. Able to: interpret the knowledge gained to explain the course of metabolic processes that determine the state of the body.

Scientific Research methods
  • Number of credits - 3
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Purpose: to form the ability to apply modern methods and methodologies of scientific research when performing a doctoral dissertation. Here are considered: methods and methodologies of scientific research; modern experimental approaches to the scientific research of a doctoral student; stages and principles of planning a scientific experiment.

The molecular basis of carcinogenesis
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of discipline: formation of ideas about the causes and molecular mechanisms of transformation of normal animal cells into tumor cells. When studying the discipline, carcinogenic factors (chemical factors, physical factors, biological factors), their classification and mechanisms of action are considered. The course examines the main molecular mechanisms of cancer cell formation (genetic mutations of certain regulatory systems) and the process of malignancy (malignization); biological mechanisms of carcinogenesis: theory of four-stage carcinogenesis (initiation, promotion, stem line formation, tumor progression); biological features of tumor growth (atypism, growth autonomy, tumor cell kinetics, invasive tumor growth, metastasis, impact on the body - cancer cachexia). Methods for assessing the molecular and genetic status in cancer diseases are considered.

Data for 2021-2024 years

disciplines

Biomarkers of oxidative stress and its diagnostic value
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to form a holistic system view for doctoral candidates for the critical analysis and evaluation of modern scientific achievements in the field of oxidative stress as a preclinical stage of diagnosis. As a result of studying the discipline, the doctoral candidate will be able to: 1. form an understanding of the nature of oxidative stress; 2. to systematize knowledge about the mechanisms of oxidative stress, about the molecules formed during oxidation; 3. use knowledge in the field of biological chemistry at a high theoretical level; 4. the ability and willingness to conduct basic scientific research in the field of biology and medicine; 5. analyze the skills of conducting experimental research using quantitative determination of oxidative stress biomarkers. The discipline "Biomarkers of oxidative stress and its diagnostic value" is aimed at the formation of future specialists ' ability to study modern ideas about oxidative stress in General. In the study of the discipline will consider the following aspects: Problems of oxidative stress and endogenous intoxication in clinical practice, monitoring and methods of antioxidant correction. Problems of endogenous intoxication in clinical practice, the relationship with the processes of free radical oxidation, diagnostic methods. 0kislitelny stress— concept, pathophysiological and physiological aspects. Cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species. Physiological effects of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant system of the body. Factors of non-enzymatic antioxidant protection. The enzyme link of the antioxidant system. Indicators of prooxidant link in various pathological conditions. Integrated methods of diagnostics of oxidative stress.

Cell pathology
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The goal of the discipline is to form a holistic systemic idea of the manifestations and main mechanisms of cell damage. As a result of the study, able to: describe specific and non-specific manifestations of cell damage; explain the pathogenetic role of calcium in the mechanisms of cell damage.

Data analysis and computer methods of biomedicine
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to form a holistic system representation of the ability of doctoral students to critically analyze and evaluate modern scientific achievements in the field of computer research methods and perform statistical processing of the results of observations on biological objects using standard tools of the Microsoft Office Excel program. As a result of studying the discipline, the doctoral student will be able to: 1. understand the nature and importance of information in the development of modern society; owns the main methods, methods and means of receiving, storing, processing information; 2. streamline the theoretical knowledge of modern scientific achievements in the field of computer research methods; 3. use the latest statistical methods of processing the results of biological objects; 4. be able to use the appropriate mathematical apparatus and tools for processing, analyzing and systematizing information on the research topic; 5. independently acquire the skills of critical analysis and evaluation of modern scientific achievements and the results of activities in solving research and practical problems, including in interdisciplinary areas. The discipline “Data Analysis and Computer Methods of Biomedicine” is aimed at developing among future specialists to consolidate the necessary knowledge for the relevant analysis and evaluation of modern scientific achievements in the field of computer methods of research and implementation of statistical methods for processing results. When studying the discipline, the following aspects will be considered: Difficulties in applying classical statistics to biological data. Statistics as the generally accepted rules for the unification and comparison of results. Statistics and material collection planning. Statistics and biological meaning, validity of the study. Modern level of education of biologists in the field of statistical data analysis. Stages of the study: work planning, data collection, sampling and primary processing (grouping, selection of primary data), statistical analysis, interpretation of results. The logic of working with databases. Differences between DBMS (Database Management Systems) on the example of Microsoft Access from Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

Free radicals and antioxidants
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is the formation of a holistic systemic understanding of the role of free radicals and antioxidants in solving basic problems occurring during physiological and pathological processes. As a result of studying the discipline, the doctoral candidate will be able to: 1. understand the features of generating free radicals; 2. to study the main types of reactions of free organic radicals; the relationship between the structure and the reactivity of organic radicals 3. describe the main mechanisms of damage to biomolecules during oxidative stress and the occurrence of diseases of free radical etiology, principles of antioxidant protection of the body 4. be able to choose the necessary research methods, modify existing ones and develop new methods based on the objectives of a specific study; 5. be able to formulate and solve problems arising in the course of research activities and require in-depth professional knowledge. Discipline "Free radicals and antioxidants" is aimed at the formation of future specialists about the role of free radicals and antioxidants in pathological processes occurring in the human body. When studying the discipline, the following aspects will be considered: The formation of free radicals and their effects on the body. General ideas about the process of lipid oxidation. Modern ideas about lipid auto-oxidation. Inhibition of oxidation with antioxidants. Antioxidants. Classification of antioxidants. Antioxidants phenolic nature. The biological role of natural antioxidants. Mechanisms of antioxidant activity. The use of antioxidants. Requirements for antioxidants.

Fundamentals of Biomedical Statistics and Ethics
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Goal: to develop the ability to analyze and synthesize reliable and high-quality statistical processing of the obtained experimental information, to use in practice various methods of biomedical statistics, mathematical modeling and IT technologies used in biomedicine; develop the ability to analyze, argue and synthesize the basic principles of bioethics, and make ethically sound decisions

Mechanisms of apoptosis and necrosis
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is the formation of a holistic systemic representation of doctoral students in the field of research into the mechanisms of cell death. As a result of studying the discipline, the doctoral candidate will be able to: 1. know the features of the paths of programmed cell death; 2. describe the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death, its role in the development of pathologies (carcinogenesis and autoimmune diseases); 3. explain their causes and developmental mechanism, determine the distinctive morphological signs of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy at the biochemical level, at the light-optical and ultrastructural levels; 4. assess their likely outcome and determine the significance of these processes for the organism; 5. use the knowledge gained for the formulation, conduct and interpretation of the results of experimental work. The discipline "Mechanisms of apoptosis and necrosis" is aimed at developing the ability of future specialists to explain the causes and mechanisms of the development of cell death. When studying the discipline, the following aspects will be considered: Electron-microscopic methods for determining the mechanisms of apoptosis and necrosis. The role of apoptosis in a multicellular organism: genetics, biochemistry, molecular mechanisms. Types and mechanisms of autophagy. Clinical characteristics of necrosis. Necrosis and apoptosis are similarities and differences. Biochemistry of handicap cell death.

Melatonin and metabolic syndrome
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The goal of the discipline is to develop the ability to analyze modern scientific achievements on the role of melatonin. As a result of studying the discipline, able to: Demonstrate knowledge of current concepts, scientific advances regarding the role of melatonin; describe mechanisms of the complex protective effects of melatonin.

Modern methods of biomedical research
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is the formation of a holistic system view of doctoral students for the critical analysis and evaluation of modern methods of biomedical research on living organisms. As a result of studying the discipline, the doctoral candidate will be able to: 1. know the basic experimental techniques used in biomedical research on living objects; 2. highlight the specific physical content in the applied tasks of future activities; 3. choose a research methodology adequate to the research objectives; 4. be able to describe the features of data acquisition in living organisms, the principles of their interpretation and analysis; 5. independently acquire new knowledge in this discipline, analyze it, apply this knowledge in practice and in the study of other disciplines. The discipline "Modern methods of biomedical research" is aimed at developing among future specialists an approach and evaluation of modern methods of biomedical research on living organisms. When studying the discipline, the following aspects will be considered: Classification and review of modern methods of non-invasive research on living objects. Features of research on living organisms. Classification and review of modern methods of non-invasive research on living objects Ensuring patient safety and maintaining the vital activity of experimental animals. The study of physiological processes by magnetic resonance. Positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography and other imaging techniques in biomedical research.

Principles of statistics and ethical standards in biomedicine
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Goal: to develop the ability to conduct scientific research based on ethical principles of research, the main of which are safety, effectiveness, accessibility and quality, which should also take into account national, international ethical and legal norms and standards for conducting research involving human subjects, guaranteeing respect for all research subjects and protection of their health and rights.

Data for 2021-2024 years

INTERNSHIPS

Pedagogical
  • Type of control - Защита практики
  • Description - Formation of practical, educational-methodical skills of conducting lectures, seminars, creatively apply scientific, theoretical knowledge, practical skills in teaching activities, conduct training sessions in the disciplines of the specialty; own modern professional techniques, methods of training, use in practice the latest theoretical, methodological advances, make educational, methodological documentation.

Research
  • Type of control - Защита практики
  • Description - The purpose of the practice: gaining experience in the study of an actual scientific problem, expand the professional knowledge gained in the learning process, and developing practical skills for conducting independent scientific work. The practice is aimed at developing the skills of research, analysis and application of economic knowledge.

Data for 2021-2024 years