Fish Industry and Industrial Fishery

Fish Industry and Industrial Fishery

QUALIFICATION

  • First Stage of Higher Education - Bachelor of Agricultural

MODEL OF GRADUATING STUDENT

ON1 Demonstrates a high level of intellectual development, literate and developed speech, knowledge and skills of humanitarian, cultural thinking in the field of the history of Kazakhstan, philosophy, political science, sociology, the legal framework for combating corruption, financial literacy and the basics of entrepreneurship, has computer skills with software applications (Microsoft Office: Word, Excel, PowerPoint).
ON2 Demonstrates knowledge about the diversity of the animal world, biology of a living organism, systematics and taxonomy of vertebrates and invertebrates and aquatic plants, the main sections of ichthyology, hydrochemistry, hydrobiology, fish farming and ecology of reservoirs. using scientific terminology in the relevant disciplines.
ON3 Understands the patterns of functioning of aquatic biological systems using theoretical knowledge of biochemistry, microbiology and virology to determine the state of a species population.
ON4 Plans the technological processes of growing fish and other aquaculture facilities, monitors the conditions of cultivated aquaculture facilities and environmental conditions, using knowledge on hydrochemistry, pond fish farming, breeding work in fish farming and rules of labor protection, fire and safety at work.
ON5 Demonstrates knowledge of fish embryology, viral, bacterial, and invasive fish diseases using measures for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases, independently plans experiments and observations of the fish incubation process.
ON6 Applies knowledge on the basics of hydraulic engineering, on the basics of technological processes for growing fish and other aquaculture facilities, taking into account their biological characteristics, designing fish farms, by types of fish feed and feeding technology for valuable aquaculture facilities, technology for breeding live feeds using industrial and decorative fish farming methods.
ON7 Applies practical skills to determine the trophic status of reservoirs, the availability of fish with food, using the methodology for determining fish nutrition, accounting for aquatic biological resources to conduct research on the state of the fish species population and their relations with the environment.
ON8 Uses methods of aquaculture and protection of individual species and ecosystems, using practical skills in organizing monitoring work on reservoirs.
ON9 Analyzes the factors determining the peculiarities of fish distribution, the trophic status of aquatic ecosystems using methods of ichthyological and hydrobiological analysis and methods of biometrics and variation statistics in scientific research to study theoretical problems of biological productivity of reservoirs.
ON10 Independently collects, systematizes and summarizes initial data in the field of studying the diversity and state of aquatic biological resources, using abstracting scientific texts, publications, references and analytical reviews, logic and analysis of scientific justifications in the field of fisheries and aquaculture.
ON11 Uses methods of synthesis, self-expression and self-development at the end of the curriculum, with the possibility of expanding knowledge based on self-education, and choosing priorities for educational and research activities.
ON12 Is ready to act rationally and independently, guided by scientifically based conclusions, observations and experience gained as a result of cognitive professional activity.

Program passport

Speciality Name
Fish Industry and Industrial Fishery
Speciality Code
6B08401
Faculty
Biology and Biotechnology

disciplines

Aquaculture and fish feeding
  • Number of credits - 9
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to give the concepts of the nutritional needs of different types of fish, physical and chemical properties of compound feed, ration feeding of different types of fish, the determination of the quality of artificial feed, to calculate the daily ration and the definition of the optimal feeding regime, the needs of artificial feed, the possession of the methods of storage of feed and the study of the factors affecting the efficiency of feeding.

Biodiversity of animals and aquatic plants
  • Number of credits - 6
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to gain knowledge about the diversity of surrounding living organisms and their communities in the surrounding biosphere, various structures, functions and adaptations of protozoa and animals, as well as about the basic principles and classification of animals.

Cytology and Hystology
  • Number of credits - 6
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to form knowledge about a living cell, its structural organization of biophysical and biochemical processes, life cycle, development, origin and differentiation of tissues, their classification, study of stages of embryonic development of animals, stages of gametogenesis; fertilization; the main types of crushing, methods of gastrulation, neurulation and organonesis in x animals.

Fish genetics and breeding
  • Number of credits - 9
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - the formation of a theoretical basis for the practical implementation of the breeding work and organization of breeding in aquaculture, to study the features of the organization of breeding work in aquaculture enterprises, organize breeding tasks in fish farming and breeding work in fish farms, choose and apply breeding methods, assess the quality of fish producers by quality progeny.

Fisheries economics
  • Number of credits - 9
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to give knowledge of the basic concepts and terms in the field of economics in fisheries, carrying out economic calculations and calculation of the cost of commodity products of hydrobionts and fish products, economic evaluation of the raw material base of reservoirs, the state and development of fisheries, to select correctly the objects of breeding from the economic point of view.

Fishery
  • Number of credits - 6
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to form the necessary theoretical and practical basis for the implementation of commercial fishing in natural (ponds, reservoirs, lakes,) and artificial reservoirs (pond, cage) for the extraction of aquatic biological resources, processing, transshipment, transportation, storage and unloading of fish and other products from aquatic biological resources.

Foreign Language
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Purpose: to form the improvement of knowledge of foreign language communicative competence. The main methods of speech skills and foreign language communication skills are considered as a basis for the development of communicative competence; implementation of acquired speech skills in the process of searching, selecting and using material in English.

Fundamentals foundation of microbiology and virology
  • Number of credits - 6
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is the formation of basic knowledge about the systematics, morphology, genetics and reproduction of bacteria; metabolism of microorganisms, structure, physiology and biochemistry of microorganisms, biology of pathogens of the most common infections, as well as measures to combat and prevent these diseases, mastering modern methods of studying microorganisms and microbiological processes

General genetics
  • Number of credits - 6
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is the formation of holistic and systemic knowledge of the laws of inheritance of traits, types of inheritance, understanding of the mechanisms of storage, reproduction, transmission and implementation of genetic information at the level of biomolecules; properties and functions of nucleic acids and proteins, about modern molecular genetic research methods.

Hydrobiology
  • Number of credits - 9
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - To acquaint students with the hydrosphere and its characteristics as a habitat of organisms, adaptations of aquatic animals to aquatic lifestyle, with pools of different type and characteristics of the population, characteristics of the structure and biology of hydrobionts of different habitats, the distribution and quantitative development of hydrobionts of different habitats, their role in the hydrosphere and practical value.

Hydrochemistry and Biochemistry of Hydrobionts
  • Number of credits - 9
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - review and study issues in the field of hydrochemistry and biochemistry of surface waters, theoretical foundations of hydrochemistry and biochemistry, issues of regional and applied chemistry, knowledge of the most important properties of water solutions, research methods and methods of expression of the composition of natural waters, the main chemical factors affecting the structure and habitats of hydrobionts.

Ichthiology
  • Number of credits - 9
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to learn about the external structure and morphological, biological and physiological organization of fish and fish-like animals belonging to different taxonomic groups, biology and ecology, adaptation to various conditions (temperature, oxygen, salinity) of the aquatic environment

Ichtyopatology
  • Number of credits - 6
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to learn to monitor the epizootic state of fish farms and natural reservoirs using different methods of parasitology, to assess the current state of reservoirs with the study of pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of fish diseases, to identify foci of contagion.

Information-Communication Technologies
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Рurpose: it consists in the formation of a new "digital" thinking, a critical understanding of the role and importance of modern information and communication technologies, the ability to apply information and communication technologies in various professional activities. They are being studied: the role of ICT in key sectors of society development is being studied. Architecture of computer systems. Software. Microsoft Office Internet technologies. Cloud and mobile technologies. Multimedia technologies. E-learning. Information technology in the professional field.

Kazakh (Russian) Language
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Рurpose: ensuring the qualitative assimilation of the Kazakh (Russian) language as a means of social, intercultural, professional communication through the formation of communicative competencies. The following are studied: the system of phonetic, lexical, grammatical means of language, ideas about language as a cultural phenomenon and about the specifics of speech culture; language as an element of the national linguistic picture of the world; the status of the Kazakh (Russian) language in the world space.

Methods of scientific research of hydrobionts
  • Number of credits - 9
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to familiarize with the practical basis of hydrobiological research at the modern level and the acquisition of competence in the use of modern methods of research of aquatic organisms, planning and analysis of research results at different levels of scientific approach: organismal, species, population and ecosystem.

Module of socio-political knowledge (Culture)
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Aim оf discipline: to develop the ability to explain and interpret subject knowledge in all fields of science, shaping of the discipline. Sociology and sociological perspectives, social structure, form of policy, organizational structure, institutions, the legal and organizational rules, content, purpose, value, policy, concept and essence of culture, semiotics of culture, psychology of personality, psychology of interpersonal communication will be studied.

Module of socio-political knowledge (Culture)
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - RK1+RK2 (100)
  • Description - Aim оf discipline: to develop the ability to explain and interpret subject knowledge in all fields of science, shaping of the discipline. Sociology and sociological perspectives, social structure, form of policy, organizational structure, institutions, the legal and organizational rules, content, purpose, value, policy, concept and essence of culture, semiotics of culture, psychology of personality, psychology of interpersonal communication will be studied.

Module of socio-political knowledge (Political science)
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Aim оf discipline: to develop the ability to explain and interpret subject knowledge in all fields of science, shaping of the discipline. Sociology and sociological perspectives, social structure, form of policy, organizational structure, institutions, the legal and organizational rules, content, purpose, value, policy, concept and essence of culture, semiotics of culture, psychology of personality, psychology of interpersonal communication will be studied.

Module of socio-political knowledge (Political science)
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - RK1+RK2 (100)
  • Description - Aim оf discipline: to develop the ability to explain and interpret subject knowledge in all fields of science, shaping of the discipline. Sociology and sociological perspectives, social structure, form of policy, organizational structure, institutions, the legal and organizational rules, content, purpose, value, policy, concept and essence of culture, semiotics of culture, psychology of personality, psychology of interpersonal communication will be studied.

Module of socio-political knowledge (Psychology)
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Aim оf discipline: to develop the ability to explain and interpret subject knowledge in all fields of science, shaping of the discipline. Sociology and sociological perspectives, social structure, form of policy, organizational structure, institutions, the legal and organizational rules, content, purpose, value, policy, concept and essence of culture, semiotics of culture, psychology of personality, psychology of interpersonal communication will be studied.

Module of socio-political knowledge (Psychology)
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - RK1+RK2 (100)
  • Description - Aim оf discipline: to develop the ability to explain and interpret subject knowledge in all fields of science, shaping of the discipline. Sociology and sociological perspectives, social structure, form of policy, organizational structure, institutions, the legal and organizational rules, content, purpose, value, policy, concept and essence of culture, semiotics of culture, psychology of personality, psychology of interpersonal communication will be studied.

Module of socio-political knowledge (Sociology)
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Aim оf discipline: to develop the ability to explain and interpret subject knowledge in all fields of science, shaping of the discipline. Sociology and sociological perspectives, social structure, form of policy, organizational structure, institutions, the legal and organizational rules, content, purpose, value, policy, concept and essence of culture, semiotics of culture, psychology of personality, psychology of interpersonal communication will be studied.

Module of socio-political knowledge (Sociology)
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - RK1+RK2 (100)
  • Description - Aim оf discipline: to develop the ability to explain and interpret subject knowledge in all fields of science, shaping of the discipline. Sociology and sociological perspectives, social structure, form of policy, organizational structure, institutions, the legal and organizational rules, content, purpose, value, policy, concept and essence of culture, semiotics of culture, psychology of personality, psychology of interpersonal communication will be studied.

Module of socio-political knowledge (Sociology/ Political science/ Culture/ Psychology)
  • Number of credits - 8
  • Type of control - RK + Exam (100)
  • Description - Aim оf discipline: to develop the ability to explain and interpret subject knowledge in all fields of science, shaping of the discipline. Sociology and sociological perspectives, social structure, form of policy, organizational structure, institutions, the legal and organizational rules, content, purpose, value, policy, concept and essence of culture, semiotics of culture, psychology of personality, psychology of interpersonal communication will be studied.

Philosophy
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Purpose: to form a systematic understanding of philosophy and its main problems and methods in the context of future professional activities. The main content of ontology and metaphysics is considered in the context of the historical development of philosophy; the importance of key worldview concepts in the modern world.

Physical Training
  • Number of credits - 2
  • Type of control - РК(с оценкой)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is the formation of social and personal competencies of students, ensuring the targeted use of the appropriate means of physical culture and sports for preservation, preparation for professional activities. As a result of studying the discipline, the graduate should know the role of physical culture in human development.

Zoology
  • Number of credits - 9
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The course examines the system of diversity of the animal world, their interrelationships with each other and with the surrounding world, studies the ecological features and morpho – anatomical structure of invertebrates and vertebrates. As a result of studying the course, the student develops the ability to describe the structural features of invertebrates and vertebrates, analyze the comparative morphology of the structure of the main taxa of the animal world.

Нistory of Kazakhstan
  • Number of credits - 5
  • Type of control - [РК1+MT+РК2+ ГЭК] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to give objective knowledge about the main stages in the development of the history of Kazakhstan from ancient times to the present. Expected learning outcomes: 1) demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the main stages in the development of the history of Kazakhstan; 2) to correlate the phenomena and events of the historical past with the general paradigm of the world-historical development of human society through critical analysis; 3) to possess the skills of analytical and axiological analysis in the study of historical processes and phenomena of modern Kazakhstan; 4) be able to objectively and comprehensively comprehend the immanent features of the modern Kazakh model of development; 5) Systematize and give a critical assessment of historical phenomena and processes in the history of Kazakhstan. During the study of the discipline students will learn following aspects: Ancient people and the formation of a nomadic civilization, Turkic civilization and the Great Steppe, Kazakhstan in modern times (XVIII - early XX centuries), Kazakhstan as part of the Soviet administrative-command system, Kazakhstan in the world community (1991-2022).

Data for 2021-2024 years

disciplines

Abais Teaching
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The goal of the discipline is to form in future specialists the ability to self-knowledge, the use of Abai's doctrine as the basis of spirituality and intellectuality of modern Kazakhstan, the application of their professional knowledge, understanding and abilities through the prism of humanism and education in order to strengthen the unity of the country and civil solidarity of society.The following will be studied: the concept of the teachings of Abai; sources of teaching; components of Abai's doctrine; categories of Abai's doctrine; assessment tools of the teachings of Abai; the essence and meaning of Abai’s doctrine.

Al-Farabi and Modernity
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Aim of the discipline is to form students' ideas about the scientific and philosophical heritage of the great Turkic thinker Abu Nasr al-Farabi in developing the world and national culture. Learning outcomes: explain the main philosophical contents al-Farabi's heritage and his influence on the formation of Turkic philosophy; influence European Renaissance.

Alive Feed Cultivation
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to give an idea of the biology, morphology and ecology of the main objects of live feed hydrobionts and invertebrates, to learn how to cultivate invertebrates in artificial conditions with examples; Daphnia, Enchytray, Artemia salina for growing commercial aquaculture fish species, to introduce methods of growing live feed.

Basics of designing fish farms
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to form the basic concepts and ideas about the design of fish farms of different types, to teach the principles of calculating the needs of the economy in water, feed, for the development of hatchery apparatuses design of fish hatcheries and spawning and rearing farms, know the structure and organization of fish farms, to make a technology project specific fish farms.

Basics of Financial Literacy
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to form rational financial behavior in students based on building a direct connection between understanding financial information and their practical application for making competent and informed decisions regarding personal finances and increasing their economic security, as well as the ability to critically evaluate and analyze processes related to protection their rights and interests as consumers of financial services through the use of financial instruments, including digital technologies.

Ecology and Human Life Safety
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The goal of the discipline is to form a number of key competencies based on modern concepts of environmental management, implementing the principles of harmonious optimization of human interaction with nature. The following will be studied: the principles of sustainable development, conservation and reproduction of natural resources to ensure the safety of human life, methods for assessing and minimizing risks, protecting against dangers, including during travel, measures to eliminate the consequences of accidents, anthropogenic disasters, natural disasters, environmental protection and rational environmental management.

Embryology of fishes
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The aim of the discipline is to show the features and adaptations of embryological development of fish of different taxonomic groups (lithophilic, phytophilic, psammophilic), to reveal general laws of embryological development and establish different uniqueness of embryonic and postembryonic adaptations to different habitat conditions of different taxonomic fish species.

Entrepreneurship
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The aim of the discipline is the gaining of basic knowledge in the theory and practice of creating one's own business, necessary for the formation of: economic way of thinking; focus on commercially realisable industrial-innovative projects. The main conditions of internal and external environment of entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized businesses; state regulation and the role of the state for the entrepreneurial environment are considered.

Fish Stocks Theory
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to give an idea of the biological and ecological bases of fisheries, patterns of stabilization and dynamics of the fish population in natural habitat conditions, to teach prediction of natural stocks of fish resources, skills of work to assess important and basic population parameters of fish, to develop optimal parameters of fishing.

Fundamentals of Mariculture
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to know the basic hydraulic structures operated in the fishery, to make elementary calculations for determining the water flow rate, the flow capacity of canals, the total water demand in the reservoir, the possession of hydraulic calculations for water consumption in the fishery, the capacity of canals and the capacity of hydraulic structures.

Hydraulic Engineering in Fisheries
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The course examines the characteristics of various hydraulic structures designed in pond, sturgeon and trout fish farms. As a result of studying the discipline, students develop knowledge on the technical features of the main hydraulic structures operated in the fisheries, students will be able to make elementary calculations to determine the flow rate, channel capacity, and total water demand.

Ichthyogeography
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The discipline examines the distribution of lampreys and fishes, ichthyogeography areas of the World ocean and continental reservoirs. As a result, the study of the discipline covers the following items; factors determining propagation characteristics of fish taxonomic and zoogeographic affiliation of fish, habitats populations, species, genera, families, and groups of fishes, the diversity of fauna of water bodies, mapping of ranges of lampreys and fishes of the oceans.

Ichthyotrophology
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to give the basic concepts of the morphological features and structure of the digestive system of fish of different ecological groups herbivorous and carnivorous, to analyze the qualitative and quantitative composition of the food lump in fish, the skills of processing techniques of the stomach and intestinal contents of fish, identify the contents of the fish stomach.

Ihtiotoxicology
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to give a theoretical basis of fish physiology and morphology with the basics of aquatic toxicology, to learn to determine the physiological state of fish grown in farms of industrial, pond-type, to give an idea of the adaptation and mechanisms of the body's response to anthropogenic, biological and abiotic factors.

Industrial aquaculter
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to form concepts of the structure of industrial farms, biology and ecology of different types of objects of industrial aquaculture, features of breeding and rearing of warm-water and cold-loving fish species and features of their feeding, assessment of water quality used in industrial aquaculture and classification of artificial feed.

Legal Bases of Corruption Control
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline is to form a responsible attitude and the ability to demonstrate in practice the application of the principles and norms of anti-corruption legislation in order to prevent corruption offenses, to form intolerance towards corruption, an anti-corruption culture in everyday life and at the workplace, civil liability. The following will be studied: anti-corruption legislation, the system and activities of anti-corruption subjects, causes and conditions conducive to corruption, anti-corruption policy, international experience in combating corruption.

Limnology and monitoring of reservoirs
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline - to organize academic, professional and socio-personal competencies in the field of lake science, the study of the current state and hydrological regime of lakes, the establishment of geographical patterns of development and functioning of natural hydro-ecosystems, forecasting their condition and conservation in the near future, to study the features and methods of monitoring observations on the water bodies of fishery importance.

Ornamental Fish Breeding
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - The purpose of the discipline-study the biology and ecology of ornamental fish species, methods of breeding and rearing in the aquarium for amateur, research and experimental purposes, to design aquariums for the maintenance of ornamental fish, to know the biological characteristics of ornamental fish, determine the chemical and temperature regime in aquariums, identify diseases of aquarium fish species.

Scientific Research Methods
  • Type of control - [RK1+MT+RK2+Exam] (100)
  • Description - Рurpose: to form a methodological and scientific culture, a system of knowledge, skills and abilities in the organization and conduct of scientific research. General scientific research methods are studied, including methods of searching, processing, systematization, analysis, synthesis, generalization and argumentation of scientific information to obtain the objective content of scientific knowledge.

Data for 2021-2024 years

INTERNSHIPS

Pre-diploma
  • Type of control - Защита практики
  • Description - The goal of the practice is to form the ability to integrate the theory and methodology of technological and chemical disciplines to solve practical problems related to future professional activities. The practice is aimed at the formation of an independent solution to real problems in the field of chemical technology of inorganic substances using the competencies obtained in the course of mastering the educational program.

Production
  • Type of control - Защита практики
  • Description - The purpose of the practice is to form the ability to read flow charts of chemical production, to justify the choice of equipment, materials and design and design solutions on the example of a specific chemical enterprise, to implement the competencies obtained during the development of the module to perform production tasks during the practice. The practice is aimed at mastering the structure, regulations, equipment and materials of specific chemical industries.

Professional (educational-field) practice
  • Type of control - Защита практики
  • Description -

Data for 2021-2024 years